Models of visual word recognition
نویسنده
چکیده
Reading is a complex process that draws on a remarkable number of diverse perceptual and cognitive processes. In this review, I provide an overview of computational models of reading, focussing on models of visual word recognition-how we recognise individual words. Early computational models had 'toy' lexicons, could simulate only a narrow range of phenomena, and frequently had fundamental limitations, such as being able to handle only four-letter words. The most recent models can use realistic lexicons, can simulate data from a range of tasks, and can process words of different lengths. These models are the driving force behind much of the empirical work on reading. I discuss how the data have guided model development and, importantly, I also provide guidelines to help interpret and evaluate the contribution the models make to our understanding of how we read.
منابع مشابه
Does bold emphasis facilitate the process of visual-word recognition?
The study of the effects of typographical factors on lexical access has been rather neglected in the literature on visual-word recognition. Indeed, current computational models of visual-word recognition employ an unrefined letter feature level in their coding schemes. In a letter recognition experiment, Pelli, Burns, Farell, and Moore-Page (2006), letters in Bookman boldface produced more effi...
متن کاملTop-down modulation of ventral occipito-temporal responses during visual word recognition
Although interactivity is considered a fundamental principle of cognitive (and computational) models of reading, it has received far less attention in neural models of reading that instead focus on serial stages of feed-forward processing from visual input to orthographic processing to accessing the corresponding phonological and semantic information. In particular, the left ventral occipito-te...
متن کاملA time-invariant connectionist model of spoken word recognition
One of the largest remaining unsolved mysteries in cognitive science is how the rapid input of spoken language is mapped onto phonological and lexical representations over time. Attempts at psychologically-tractable computational models of spoken word recognition tend either to ignore time or to transform the temporal input into a spatial representation. This is the approach taken in TRACE (McC...
متن کاملOn the role of competing word units in visual word recognition: the neighborhood frequency effect.
Current models of word recognition generally assume that word units orthographically similar to a stimulus word are involved in the visual recognition of this word. We refer to this set of orthographically similar words as an orthographic neighborhood. Two experiments are presented that investigate the ways in which the composition of this neighborhood can affect word recognition. The data indi...
متن کاملSpanish Journal of Psychology, in press Does bold emphasis facilitate the process of visual-word recognition?
Does bold emphasis facilitate the process of visual-word recognition? Abstract The study of the effects of typographical factors on lexical access has been rather neglected in the literature on visual-word recognition. Indeed, current computational models of visual-word recognition employ an unrefined letter feature level in their coding schemes. In a letter recognition experiment, Pelli, Burns...
متن کاملتشخیص دستنوشتۀ برخط فارسی با استفاده از مدل زبانی و کاهش قوانین نگارش کاربر
The Joint-up, cursive form of Persian words and immense variety of its scripts, also different figures of Persian letters depending on their sitting positions in the words, have turned the Persian handwritings recognition to an intense challenge. The major obstacle of the most often recognition ways, is their inattention to sentence contexture which causes utilizing of a word with correct appea...
متن کامل